[Doombed] CRISPR startup wants to resurrect the woolly mammoth by 2027

tinman · Sep 15, 2021

Xerobull said: ↑

CRISPR startup wants to resurrect the woolly mammoth by 2027
Colossal lands $15 million to restore the woolly mammoth to the Arctic -- and thinks it can birth calves in four to six years.

You've heard of startups building computer chips, delivery drones and social networks. One called Colossal has a very different goal: bringing the woolly mammoth back from extinction by 2027 using CRISPR, a revolutionary gene editing technology.

The plan isn't to re-create true woolly mammoths exactly but rather to bring their cold-adapted genetic traits like small ears and more body fat to their elephant cousins, creating a hybrid that can wander the tundra where mammoths haven't been seen for 10,000 years. Colossal's co-founders are Chief Executive Ben Lamm, who started five companies before this, and George Church, a Harvard Medical School professor with deep CRISPR expertise

"Our true North Star is a successful restoration of the woolly mammoth, but also its successful rewilding into interbreeding herds in the Arctic," Lamm said. "We're now focusing on having our first calves in the next four to six years."

It's an interesting illustration of an imperative sweeping the tech world: Don't just make money, help the planet too. Tesla's mission is to electrify transport to get rid of fossil fuels that hurt Earth. Bolt Threads wants to replace leather with a fungal fiber-based equivalent that's easier on the environment than animal agriculture. Colossal hopes its work will draw attention to biodiversity problems and ultimately help fix them.

Colossal has raised $15 million so far, led by investment firm Tulco. The startup's 19 employees work at its Dallas headquarters and in offices in Boston and Austin, Texas, and it's using its funds to hire more.

"The pipeline of large scale genome engineering techniques can be applied to many other applications beyond de-extinction, and therefore [are] most promising for commercialization," he said.

One technology ripe for commercialization is multiplex genome engineering, a technique Church helped develop that speeds genetic editing by making multiple changes to DNA at once.

Colossal also hopes to develop artificial wombs to grow its mammoth embryos. Just growing 10 woolly mammoths with surrogate elephant mothers isn't enough to get to the large-scale herds the company envisions.

At the foundation of Colossal's work is CRISPR. This technology, adapted from a method bacteria evolved to identify attacking viruses and chop up their DNA, is now a mainstay of genetic engineering, and Church has been involved since CRISPR's earliest days.

Jurassic Park-style tourism? Nope
Selling or licensing spinoff technology is a somewhat indirect way of running a business. A more direct option is selling tickets to tourists. After all, humans already pay lots of money to see charismatic megafauna like lions, elephants and giraffes on African safaris. Seeing a creature that's been gone for 10,000 years could add to the excitement.

But that's not Colossal's game plan. "Our focus is on species preservation and protection of biodiversity right now, not in putting them in zoos," Lamm said. By re-creating woolly mammoths, Colossal can preserve the genetic legacy of Asian elephants that now are endangered.

Another candidate species Colossal wants to re-create is the woolly rhinoceros, a relative to the critically endangered Sumatran rhino.

Although Colossal doesn't plan to build a tourist destination, it does have a woolly mammoth rewilding site in mind that sounds awfully close to Jurassic Park: Pleistocene Park. This area of about 60 square miles in northern Russia, named after the geologic period that ended with the last ice age, is where researchers Sergey and Nikita Zimov are trying to test their theories about the ecological and climatic effects of rewilding.

One Zimov idea is that woolly mammoths will trample snow and knock down trees. That, in turn, will restore grasslands that reflect more of the sun's warming rays and eliminate insulating snow and forests so the ground cools more. And that means the ground will stay frozen instead of releasing its current store of carbon dioxide and methane greenhouse gases. About 260 billion to 300 billion metric tons of carbon could be released from thawing permafrost by 2300, scientists calculate, exacerbating the weather extremes and other problems caused by climate change.

Is species de-extinction a good idea?
There's an appeal to the idea of de-extinction. Humans have dramatically altered the planet, and the United Nations estimates we threaten 1 million species with extinction as a result.

Colossal hopes its work will raise more attention to the biodiversity collapse. And it also plans to create detailed genetic descriptions of many endangered species "so we have the recipe if that species does go extinct," Lamm said.

But is that really the best use of our resources to help the planet? No, some researchers believe.

Resurrecting species could have some benefits, but money would be better spent on trying to protect ones that are still around, a group of biologists argued in one paper published in Nature Ecology & Evolution. "Potential sacrifices in conservation of extant species should be a crucial consideration in deciding whether to invest in de-extinction or focus our efforts on extant species," the researchers wrote.

But this isn't government money Colossal is talking about, and Lamm argues that his startup's work complements other conservation efforts. And, he argues, startups can move faster than government-funded work.

In a world dominated by climate crisis headlines, a startup that makes money with an ecosystem-improvement focus has special appeal. One investor, Zack Lynch of Jazz Venture Partners, is excited by software, hardware and biotech he expects Colossal will create.

At the same time, "these breakthroughs will help address issues such as land degradation, animal pollinator loss and other negative biodiversity trends," Lynch said. Given how big our environmental problems are, you can see why an investor might be interested.
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Of course,

how do you think Humans got here?
The Ancient Aliens played around with some dna of some ape species on Mars.

PhiSlammaJamma · Sep 15, 2021

Evolution gave us the Hairless Woolly Mammoth. Or did it?

Ziggy · Sep 15, 2021

Cathie Woods is BACK?

Nothing new though. Fatty is already taking woolly mammoths on dates every Sat.

Buck Turgidson · Sep 15, 2021

JuanValdez said: ↑

Why mammoths out of all the extinct species? Seems like a vanity project to resurrect a charismatic animal. It'd have more credibility with me if it was a newt or something. No one is going to resurrect a newt unless it really was a critical piece of biodiversity.
Click to expand...

A) they are not predators
B) their habitat still exists more or less as it did
C) there are no people in said habitat
D) they have a close relative to splice with
E-Z) This is a horrible ****ing idea

DaDakota · Sep 15, 2021

MadMax said: ↑

your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could, they didn't stop to think if they should.
Click to expand...

Yes they should mankind has been killing off animals for centuries...

DD

Buck Turgidson · Sep 15, 2021

DaDakota said: ↑

Yes they should mankind has been killing off animals for centuries...

DD
Click to expand...

And then the new genetically engineered animal incubates some new virus or starts excreting new amino acids that eventually destroy life on earth.

Great plan, dude.

Invisible Fan · Sep 15, 2021

Ziggy said: ↑

Cathie Woods is BACK?

Nothing new though. Fatty is already taking woolly mammoths on dates every Sat.
Click to expand...

Maybe they're nicotine and alcohol resistant mammoths this time

tinman · Sep 15, 2021

Could we bbq them as well?

JuanValdez · Sep 16, 2021

Dr of Dunk said: ↑

I'm guessing ancient newt DNA is hard to find whereas they seem to find mammoths everywhere and those have been fully-sequenced. That and they had to pick one. If they had picked the passenger pigeon, would you be less pissed or are those too cute?
Click to expand...

I'd be somewhat less suspicious of their motivations and somewhat more hopeful about their success. But the newt would be better.

Buck Turgidson said: ↑

A) they are not predators
B) their habitat still exists more or less as it did
C) there are no people in said habitat
D) they have a close relative to splice with
E-Z) This is a horrible ****ing idea
Click to expand...

All good points.

REEKO_HTOWN · Sep 16, 2021

Poor Mammoth gonna wake up to a world 100 degrees hotter than it existed in

Dr of Dunk · Sep 16, 2021

JuanValdez said: ↑

I'd be somewhat less suspicious of their motivations and somewhat more hopeful about their success. But the newt would be better.
Click to expand...

Who wants a newt?! Mammoths are cute! lol.

vs

TimDuncanDonaut · Sep 16, 2021

Resurrecting mammoth is good and all. But what about all the single daddoth out there?

Yung-T · Sep 16, 2021

JuanValdez said: ↑

Why mammoths out of all the extinct species? Seems like a vanity project to resurrect a charismatic animal. It'd have more credibility with me if it was a newt or something. No one is going to resurrect a newt unless it really was a critical piece of biodiversity.
Click to expand...

The entire 2nd half of the article states their reasoning, breh.

Fyreball · Sep 16, 2021

Better get that BioNTech couple to start working on a vaccine for the inevitable Mammoth Flu pandemic that's going to come because some yokel is going to try and take a tusk up the ass.

JuanValdez · Sep 16, 2021

Yung-T said: ↑

The entire 2nd half of the article states their reasoning, breh.
Click to expand...

Yeah, I read it. I just didn't believe them.

Amiga · Sep 16, 2021

What I read is a nice pretty cover for a lab rat experiment. A necessary step before lab based human evolving.

Xerobull · Sep 16, 2021

txtony said: ↑

What I read is a nice pretty cover for a lab rat experiment. A necessary step before lab based human evolving.
Click to expand...

You're 36 years behind.

Deckard · Sep 16, 2021

London'sBurning · Jan 29, 2022

Related in the sense that CRISPR has already and will continue to be used in humans as well. Interview with one of the leading researchers in CRISPR tech that's still in it's infancy.

Two Sandwiches · Jan 29, 2022

Can they clone me some velociraptors? I'll put 'em on a high fenced ranch and make a killing selling exotic hunts.

Hell, I'll even make it a Netflix series.

"Joe Rogan hunts a velociraptor with a 9MM"

"Mike Tyson vs Velociraptor vs Jake Paul"

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