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Republicans Outnumbered in Academia, Studies Find (NYT)

Discussion in 'BBS Hangout: Debate & Discussion' started by dugtzu, Nov 18, 2004.

  1. dugtzu

    dugtzu Member

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    http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/education/18faculty.html


    Republicans Outnumbered in Academia, Studies Find
    By JOHN TIERNEY

    Published: November 18, 2004

    BERKELEY, Calif. - At the birthplace of the free speech movement, campus radicals have a new target: the faculty that came of age in the 60's. They say their professors have been preaching multiculturalism and diversity while creating a political monoculture on campus.

    Conservatism is becoming more visible at the University of California here, where students put out a feisty magazine called The California Patriot and have made the Berkeley Republicans one of the largest groups on campus. But here, as at schools nationwide, the professors seem to be moving in the other direction, as evidenced by their campaign contributions and two studies being published on Nov. 18.

    One of the studies, a national survey of more than 1,000 academics, shows that Democratic professors outnumber Republicans by at least seven to one in the humanities and social sciences. That ratio is more than twice as lopsided as it was three decades ago, and it seems quite likely to keep increasing, because the younger faculty members are more consistently Democratic than the ones nearing retirement, said Daniel Klein, an associate professor of economics at Santa Clara University and a co-author of the study.

    In a separate study of voter registration records, Professor Klein found a nine-to-one ratio of Democrats to Republicans on the faculties of Berkeley and Stanford. That study, which included professors from the hard sciences, engineering and professional schools as well as the humanities and social sciences, also found the ratio especially lopsided among the younger professors of assistant or associate rank: 183 Democrats versus 6 Republicans.

    The political imbalance on faculties has inspired a campaign to have state legislatures and Congress approve an "academic bill of rights" protecting students and faculty members from discrimination for their political beliefs. The campaign is being led by Students for Academic Freedom, a group with chapters at Berkeley and more than 135 other campuses. It was founded last year by the leftist-turned-conservative David Horowitz, who helped start the 1960's antiwar movement while a graduate student at Berkeley.

    "Our goal is not to have the government dictate who's hired but to take politics out of the hiring process and the classroom," said Mr. Horowitz, who called the new studies the most compelling evidence yet of hiring bias. "Right now, conservative students are discouraged from pursuing scholarly careers, because they see very clearly that their professors consider Republicans to be the enemy."

    Academic leaders have resisted his group's legislative proposal, saying that discrimination is rare and already forbidden, and they dispute the accusations of faculty bias. Robert J. Birgeneau, the chancellor of Berkeley, said that he was not sure if the new study of his faculty accurately reflected the professors' political leanings, and that these leanings were irrelevant anyway.

    "The essence of a great university is developing and sharing new knowledge as well as questioning old dogma," Dr. Birgeneau said. "We do this in an environment which prizes academic freedom and freedom of expression. These principles are respected by all of our faculty at U.C. Berkeley, no matter what their personal politics are."

    Professors at Berkeley and other universities provided unprecedented financial support for the Democratic Party this election. For the first time, universities were at the top of the list of organizations ranked by their employees' contributions to a presidential candidate, according to the Center for Responsive Politics, a nonpartisan group.

    In first and second place, ahead of Time Warner, Goldman Sachs and Microsoft, were the University of California system and Harvard, whose employees contributed $602,000 and $340,000, respectively, to Senator John Kerry. At both universities, employees gave about $19 to the Kerry campaign for every dollar for the Bush campaign.

    One theory for the scarcity of Republican professors is that conservatives are simply not that interested in academic careers. A Democrat on the Berkeley faculty, George P. Lakoff, who teaches linguistics and is the author of "Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives Think," said that liberals choose academic fields that fit their world views. "Unlike conservatives," he said, "they believe in working for the public good and social justice, as well as knowledge and art for their own sake, which are what the humanities and social sciences are about."

    Some non-Democrats prefer to attribute the imbalance to the structure of academia, which allows hiring decisions and research agendas to be determined by small, independent groups of scholars. These fiefs, the critics say, suffer from a problem described in The Federalist Papers: an autonomous "small republic" is prone to be dominated by a cohesive faction that uses majority voting to "outnumber and oppress the rest," in Madison's words.

    "Our colleges have become less marketplaces of ideas than churches in which you have to be a true believer to get a seat in the pews," said Stephen H. Balch, a Republican and the president of the National Association of Scholars. "We've drifted to a secular version of 19th-century denominational colleges, in which the university's mission is to crusade against sin and make the country a morally better place."

    Dr. Balch's organization of what he calls traditional scholars is publishing the two new faculty studies in its journal, Academic Questions (online at www.nas.org). In one study, Professor Klein and Charlotta Stern, a sociologist at the Institute for Social Research in Sweden, asked the members of scholars' professional associations which party's candidates they had mostly voted for over the previous decade.

    The ratio of Democratic to Republican professors ranged from 3 to 1 among economists to 30 to 1 among anthropologists. The researchers found a much higher share of Republicans among the nonacademic members of the scholars' associations, which Professor Klein said belied the notion that nonleftists were uninterested in scholarly careers.

    "Screened out, expelled or self-sorted, they tend to land outside of academia because the crucial decisions - awarding tenure and promotions, choosing which papers get published - are made by colleagues hostile to their political views," said Professor Klein, who classifies himself as a libertarian.

    Martin Trow, an emeritus professor of public policy at Berkeley who was chairman of the faculty senate and director of the Center for Studies in Higher Education, said that professors tried not to discriminate in hiring based on politics, but that their perspective could be warped because so many colleagues shared their ideology.

    "Their view comes to be seen not as a political preference but what decent, intelligent human beings believe," said Dr. Trow, who calls himself a conservative. "Debate is stifled, and conservatives either go in the closet or get to be seen as slightly kooky. So if a committee is trying to decide between three well-qualified candidates, it may exclude the conservative because he seems like someone who has poor judgment."

    The students' magazine, The California Patriot, has frequently criticized Berkeley for the paucity of conservative views and for cases of what it has called discrimination against conservative students.

    "I'm glad to get the liberal perspective, but it would be nice to get the other side, too," said Kelly Coyne, the editor of the magazine and a senior majoring in political science. "I'm really having a hard time finding courses my last year. I don't want to spend another semester listening to lectures about victims of American oppression."


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    nothing really surpising here to me other than the assertion that conservative teachers are discriminated against during hiring and students are discouraged from academic pursuits.

    im curious if any board members who consider themselves conservative have experienced either of these cases. if so, what was the situation, exactly. on the student side, at least, im currently finding many profs dont like to have their authority or intellect questioned by a student, regardless of politics.

    i never really questioned the lack of conservative teachers (if i even noticed it at all) because teaching is public service, more the domain of liberals (among other reasons). would anyone be shocked to find more right-leaning thinkers in the military or upper management? these are, after all, just career choices.
     
  2. glynch

    glynch Member

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    Well, duh. You can't have it both ways. Many conservatives with high academic acheivement just want to max out on money. They will sell bonds or do dirty crap at Enron or big defense law firms and accounting firms.

    It is the free market. Make being a professor pay more than covering up crap at Enron, Halliburton and Vinson Elkins, Arthur Andersen etc. and you'll find high achieving conservatives flocking to be professors of humanities and social sciences.
     
  3. MadMax

    MadMax Member

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    you are the MASTER of sterotype.
     
  4. GladiatoRowdy

    GladiatoRowdy Member

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    To be fair, the REALLY good people in any subject will be drawn to where they can make the most money, particularly if they go to one of the top tier schools. While glynch does stereotype, I don't think that anyone would disagree that if salaries for professors (or high school teachers or any other instructor for that matter) were to rise, we would get more people who are more focused on money (as many conservatives are, particularly if they were great students at upper eschelon schools) into those professions.
     
  5. thadeus

    thadeus Member

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    Barring the hyperbole, I don't think it's too stereotypical to suggest that those with a frame of mind that would predispose them towards Republicanism/Neoconism would be more likely to major in business/technology/money-making type stuff, while those with a frame of mind that would predispose them towards Democratism/Liberalism would be more likely to be attracted to the Humanities.

    I'm sure this doesn't apply in every case (what does?), but I would guess it's applicable enough to provide at least a partial explanation.
     
  6. Sishir Chang

    Sishir Chang Member

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    When I went to CAL in the early 90's there were a few prominent conservatives who while getting criticized by student groups weren't discriminated against in regards to tenure or anything else.

    Also while I'm not a rightwing conservative I do have plenty of right leaning views regarding trade and property. I wasn't shy about taking on the extremely liberal "hippie" views of some of my professors and most of them appreciated that I was willing to challenge their views intellectually.

    From what I've seen of David Horowitz and campus groups like the Berkely Patriot most of them seem like the types looking to deliberately inflame people for attention. They're basically doing the same thing as the radical leftists, and pretty much motivated by the same ideal of being an in your face campus radical rather than as people really interested in deep intellectual discourse.
     
  7. glynch

    glynch Member

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    Max, that was a stereotype for you. I'll give you that.

    I thought I would get a rise out of the fans.

    Sort of Dakota style.

    Of course claiming to always be reasonable, without prejudice and a moderate middle of the roader who is a neutral weigher of the facts without any stereotypes can be questioned, too.



    Now I really do think that this is a reason why so many leftists went into academics in the 1960's and early 1970's. In the 1960's, the real high point of the American economy, many of us felt like what is the big deal, you can always make a decent living, so why not do what you like the best.

    The humanities and the social sciences don't pay as well. Even today conservatives are in general more likely to go into business and the sciences and I believe this is at least partly for the money.

    Of course what comes first the chicken or the egg? Take a few simplistic economics courses from conservatives in the business school, mixed with finance and accounting and banking etc. and you are more likely to have your conservatism reinforced as opposed to taking economics in liberal arts where you are more likely to have strong liberals, also.
     
  8. MadMax

    MadMax Member

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    i've known liberals and conservatives both who were motivated solely by money in choosing profession. i went to law school with a slew of liberals who went out to work for big firms representing energy companies before regulatory boards. at the same time, i know and have even worked with conservative folks who specifically take lesser-paying jobs so they can volunteer time in the community and/or spend more time with their families.

    people don't break down into categories that simply. they just don't. that's a crowning point of liberalism, and rightly so, all the time...unless we're talking about those who simply disagree with them...then it's ok to group them however you wish, apparently.
     
  9. glynch

    glynch Member

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    "Our goal is not to have the government dictate who's hired but to take politics out of the hiring process and the classroom," said Mr. Horowitz,

    Yeah, let's have some Clarence Thomas style affirmative action for conservatives.

    Reserve some slots for conservatives, no matter how low achieving to create balance.

    BTW let's also demand that slots be reserved in the business schools for leftists no matter how low acheiving as there is a shortage there.

    Hey I'll volunteer for the business school once they create some affirmative action slots for leftists. I would like to teach business ethics. Apparently they need a new approach.
     
  10. glynch

    glynch Member

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  11. MadMax

    MadMax Member

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    there is no evidence, antecdotal or not, on any subject that i've ever posted which you find convincing, glynch. i could try all day, and i wouldn't convince you. i don't try to convince you. and that post wasn't directed at you for that very reason.

    but since you asked...i don't believe most people are full line, hook and sinker, liberal or conservative. i know personal injury attorneys who are liberal on economic issues, but conservative on abortion issues. i know insurance defense attorneys who are economically conservative, but would see gay marriage bans as unconscionable. these are REAL people i know. normal people.

    i think you are full line liberal. i can not remember one issue where your views differed from that of most would characterize as liberal. you poke at my moderation...but i'm hardly moderate. rarely do i take a middle position on any issue. i'm passionate about a group of issues...i just don't find that either political party espouses my views on all of those issues. in fact, i find they typically agree with some and take the exact opposite view with others. i find that they play a team sport with poliltics that's frankly, disgusting. i'm sure you'll agree with me that we're seeing that right now with the Republicans defense of DeLay. guess what...we've seen it from the Democrats before too! and that's why i have such a hard time with what i perceive as an oversimplified classification or sterotype or generalization about human beings, being broken down into groups like this...and it's why i mention it nearly every time i see you do it.
     
  12. MadMax

    MadMax Member

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    i think i beat you to it! :)
     
  13. rimbaud

    rimbaud Member
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    I have been involved in/seen the academic hiring process at three universities and I have never seen politics enter into anything. Generally it involves presenting a paper, being interviewed by faculty about experience, teaching philosophy, research goals, etc., and being interviewed by students with similar questions.

    I think the bias in general has to do with personality types, perhaps with idealism having something to do with it but I have no idea why things would be getting more liberal in academia, especially since universities are becoming more corporate as they have to w**** themselves out for money that is becomin more and more scarce...which is a real problem.
     
  14. dugtzu

    dugtzu Member

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    thank you for answering the question!!!
     
  15. thadeus

    thadeus Member

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    This is something I noticed really picking up during my last year of school. Universities are being run more and more like businesses everyday, and while that may give them more more income for fountains and football, it seems to have a very detrimental effect on academia itself. Professors are often treated like "resources" in the same way library books and computers are, the variety in available classes is deteriorating, and people who are eager to learn about their world (instead of just learning how to get a bigger paycheck) are slowly being alienated by this shift in focus. Maybe I'm idealistic, but I believe a true scholar in any field is worthy of respect, and shouldn't be bandied about like a fry cook at McDonald's.

    We have businessmen and professional fund-raisers now occupying positions that were once held by genuine, respected scholars. This may be great for making a school a profitable business, but it's not supposed to be a business, it's supposed to be an institute of higher learning. A university should be so, so much more than just a job training facility. Unfortunately, state schools are the most prone to this type of weakening, due to their dependence on public funding.


    God Bless Capitalism.
     
  16. 4chuckie

    4chuckie Member

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    Those who do, do
    Those who can't...

    Well you know the rest

    :)
     
  17. Sishir Chang

    Sishir Chang Member

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    I think we need to distinguish here between general politics and national politics.

    Academia is obsessed with politics regarding personalities, intellectual ideologies and all sorts of things. In grad school and as a research fellow some of the nastiest fights I saw were between people who would vote exactly the same in a major election but would accuse each other of being thought police over Heidegger vs. Derrida.
     
  18. rimbaud

    rimbaud Member
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    The article was about governmental politics, specifically Democrat vs. Republican, thus, the distinction has already been made. Politics in the colloquial form exist in every aspect of life so that would be silly.
     
  19. GreenVegan76

    GreenVegan76 Member

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    Wait, liberals are still in the majority of something? The outrage!
     
  20. twhy77

    twhy77 Member

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    Sure doesn't apply in my case. I'm in graduate school for literature right now and wrote two theses; one in English, and one in Political Philosophy. I'm about as conservative as they come. In fact, as I take a look at my fellow students and professors, we all seem to be into the humanities and very much conservative, so much so I would say 85% of people here are conservative.

    And there is an academic push towards liberalism found in modern and post modern philosophy that many in academia mimic without even realizing it. I think that's why a good number of professors are wickedly liberal.

    Things kind of suck in this day and age though. Used to be, everyone got a liberal education. Now they get a liberal education in the pejorative sense of the word. Seriously, you can't even mention a controversial topic in mixed company these days without a poo flinging fest ensuing. Students educations are highly balkanized from the second they hit the college classroom floor and a solid background in the Western Tradition seems to have been deconstructed at most major colleges. Regardless if one agrees with Homer, Aristotle, Plato, and the like, they should be read-- but they are not. Instead, kids come in with greater knowledges of Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth. Not that these folks aren't great to learn about, but one should have a footing in the classics first.

    Well, that's my rant on the topic. Check out my old work's webpage if you want more info on what is wrong with education these days. www.aale.org

    /rant
     

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