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Breath-test ruling jeopardizes thousands of state DWI cases

Discussion in 'BBS Hangout' started by KingCheetah, May 3, 2009.

  1. KingCheetah

    KingCheetah Atomic Playboy
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    DWI has been a hot topic lately in the hangout -- this case is in Minnesota, but I imagine we'll see similar cases around the country pretty soon.
    _____

    Breath-test ruling jeopardizes thousands of state DWI cases

    Minnesota may be forced to drop thousands of driving-while-impaired cases and change the way it prosecutes others in the wake of a state Supreme Court ruling Thursday, prosecutors and defense attorneys agreed.

    The state's highest court ruled that defendants in drunken-driving cases have the right to make prosecutors turn over the computer "source code" that runs the Intoxilyzer breath-testing device to determine whether the device's results are reliable.

    But there's a problem: Prosecutors can't turn over the code because they don't have it.

    The Kentucky company that makes the Intoxilyzer says the code is a trade secret and has refused to release it, thus complicating DWI prosecutions.

    "There's going to be significant difficulty to prosecutors across the state to getting convictions when we can't utilize evidence to show the levels of the defendant's intoxication," said Dakota County Attorney James Backstrom.

    "In the short term, it's going to cause significant problems with holding offenders accountable because of this problem of not being able to obtain this source code."

    Law enforcement officers can still have a motorist's blood-alcohol level determined through blood tests or urinalysis, but that option comes with a pricey, time-consuming caveat: Most of those tests are done only in the lab run by the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension in St. Paul.

    "The BCA labs are overwhelmed now with their current workload, and I'm not sure they

    can handle doing blood and urinalysis tests in all DWI cases in Minnesota," said Backstrom. "It's going to be a big problem."

    "I think there's going to be a lot more blood and urine tests asked for," said Derek Patrin, an attorney involved in the cases decided by the Supreme Court. "And that will back up the BCA. They're short-staffed already, and with the budget crisis we've got already, well, that's one of the reasons they wanted to use the Intoxilyzer in the first place. It was inexpensive to use."

    Andy Skoogman, a spokesman for the Department of Public Safety, the BCA's parent agency, said officials there felt it was "premature" to stop using the Intoxilyzer. But he said the lab would be able to handle the workload if police agencies switched to blood tests and urinalyses.

    "The BCA will make adjustments," he said. "We'll look at retraining staff and perhaps look at purchasing more test kits until this situation is resolved."

    The Intoxilyzer 5000EN is the standard device used by Minnesota police to determine if a driver is impaired. The state bought 260 of the machines from the manufacturer, CMI of Kentucky, in 1997, and state law presumes the devices' results to be reliable.

    The device is used with nearly eight of every 10 suspected drunken drivers who are tested in Minnesota.

    But defense attorneys have argued that if they can't examine the source code, the computer program that runs the machine, they have no way to tell if the Intoxilyzer is reliable. District judges across Minnesota have handled defense requests for the source code with a patchwork of rulings: Some say a defendant has a right to examine it; others say it isn't relevant.

    The Supreme Court's ruling came in two driving-while-impaired cases that Backstrom's office prosecuted. In each, district judges ordered that the source code be turned over to the defendants, but when Backstrom appealed to the Minnesota Court of Appeals, the rulings were overturned.

    The appeals court said the defendants hadn't shown why getting the source code was relevant to their guilt or innocence.

    But the Supreme Court said that at least one of those defendants showed that the code was relevant. The court noted in its 18-page ruling a list of evidence that defense attorneys may now use as a blueprint to request the source code.

    Police had stopped the defendant, Timothy Arlen Brunner, 38, of Farmington, in July 2007 and the Intoxilyzer showed his blood-alcohol content was 0.18. Minnesota law presumes that a driver with a concentration greater than 0.08 is impaired.

    Patrin, his attorney, asked a district judge to order prosecutors to turn over the source code. He accompanied his request with a memorandum and nine exhibits. Among them: a computer science professor's testimony that defects had been found in the code used in voting machines, as well as a report saying problems had been found in the code used in the breath-testing machine used by police in New Jersey.

    The Supreme Court said Brunner's submissions "show that an analysis of the source code may reveal deficiencies that could challenge the reliability of the Intoxilyzer and, in turn, would relate to Brunner's guilt or innocence."

    Skoogman, the Department of Public Safety spokesman, said the agency was disappointed in the ruling.

    "We feel it is premature at this stage of the game for our law enforcement partners to test for only blood and urine," Skoogman said. "We continue to stand by the Intoxilyzer and the accuracy of the test results. Our message to law enforcement is to stay the course at this point as we examine our options."

    The state's access to the source code is the subject of a separate lawsuit in U.S. District Court. Hearings are scheduled in the case May 22 and June 4.

    Backstrom said the source code issue would haunt prosecutors until it is resolved, and the Supreme Court decision makes things worse.

    "I believe that this decision is a significant setback to law enforcement's ability to protect our communities from drunk driving, at least in the short term," he said. "We're not going to be able to use the Intoxilyzer machine until we get the source code."

    link
     
  2. ScriboErgoSum

    ScriboErgoSum Member
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    Seems like a reasonable request. I'm a developer, and I've seen way too much buggy commercial software.

    This is the direction it needs to go for breathalyzer and voting. Open source that can be viewed by all parties, and with electronic receipts for individual tests to verify accuracy.
     
  3. CriscoKidd

    CriscoKidd Member

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    I hate drunk drivers and feel that they should be punished within the fullest extent of the law, moneygrab or no. I can say that w/o being a hypocrite like some on here.

    That being said, I have never understood why the breathalyzer is viewed as the standard. I would never take it. I'd much rather go for a blood test. If an officer is sure that someone is drunk then they should have no problem brining them down and having them be tested with a more reliable test. If they are drunk, then they'll make up for whatever price the lab fees costed with the court fines etc. If they are brining in a lot of nondrunks to be tested then the officers need to get better judgement.
     
  4. SamCassell

    SamCassell Member

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    I'm fine with the ruling. The police will just blood test people instead of breath testing them. Blood test results tend to be, if anything, (slightly) higher than breath test results.

    But in my experience I've never seen any evidence that the breath test is inaccurate, nor does this ruling suggest any inaccuracy. The Intoxalyzer 5000 is a highly reliable device that is calibrated frequently, maintained by certified professionals, and tested prior to each and every breath test administered.
     
  5. rawool

    rawool Member

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    Waiting for a Luckkky appearance...
     
  6. Refman

    Refman Member

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    The problem is that this is where state law rulings conflict with federal intellectual property law. If this gets to be heard by the federal courts, I expect a vastly different result.

    The source code is a trade secret, because if it gets into the hands of would be competitors, the makers of the testing equipment no longer have a unique product. It is a problem from a practical perspective.
     
  7. ScriboErgoSum

    ScriboErgoSum Member
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    You can always copyright source code and techniques\formulas used to measure alcohol impairment. If I'm a defendant and their software is being used to convict me, I'd say I have a right to know exactly how they came to their conclusions. That outweighs the company's right to keep their code confidential.
     
  8. updawg

    updawg Member

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    I agree... this could be interesting
     
  9. DaDakota

    DaDakota Balance wins
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    Absolutely, they should be able to review the source code for accuracy.

    DD
     
  10. Fatty FatBastard

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    I think any company that would call a product the Intoxalyzer 5000 is pretty r****ded in the first place.

    I mean, did they have a 3rd grade class naming contest?
     
  11. bobrek

    bobrek Politics belong in the D & D

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    Assume someone sued one of the companies you have been involved with claiming that one of their video games caused a "video-game" addiction. Would you allow them to have experts review the source code?
     
  12. Yonkers

    Yonkers Member

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    Bad analogy. There is nothing in the source code in a case like that would prove or disprove addiction. The end result of the source code (ie the game) is easily reviewable and would be the product in question.
    In the case of the breathalyzer, the source code is part and parcel of the entire product and the results it gives. It is very relevant to end result (ie the alcohol reading). And in this situation it can indeed be tested to prove or disprove accuracy.
     
  13. bobrek

    bobrek Politics belong in the D & D

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    Isn't it possible there could be some subliminal manipulation within the source?
     
  14. percicles

    percicles Member

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    Never blow into a breathalyzer. Drunk or sober. Those things are so unreliable.
     
  15. Refman

    Refman Member

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    That is for the Federal Circuit (and possibly USSC) to ultimately decide. Since trade secrets and copyrights fall under the rubric of intellectual property law, it is a federal question not a state law matter.
     
  16. bejezuz

    bejezuz Member

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    Every year, DPS doses hundreds of people based on their weight and gender to a specific blood-alcohol concentration, and then confirms that dosing using the Intoxilyzer instrument. The instruments are calibrated to a reference sample during every test. The instruments are inspected remotely every week and onsite every month. It is a very thorough process.

    Bloodtests are conducted by machines too, yet for some reason the instruments hospitals use are trusted implicitly.
     
  17. DaDakota

    DaDakota Balance wins
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    This is not even remotely close to the same, a person is being charged with a crime, the state has made the assumption of guilt based upon some machine.....the accussed has a right to question the accuracy of the machine.

    And yes, they could review the source......why not?

    DD
     
  18. bobrek

    bobrek Politics belong in the D & D

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    There are many companies that do not want any of their source looked at. I recently asked a vendor to verify if a line of code existed in their source. Out of tens of thousands of lines, I simply asked, 'does the line "return (error)" exist in a particular routine in their latest version of their code' and they refused to answer.

    Many companies are very proprietary with respect to their IP.
     
  19. mrpaige

    mrpaige Member

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    But when your code becomes an instrument of the state to be used in thousands of criminal proceedings and assumed to be universally accurate, a different standard should apply.
     
  20. Refman

    Refman Member

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    If thousands of tests on known samples were conducted and an acceptable error rate was established through those tests, does the source code then matter?

    The real reason to want the source code is for attorneys to pick it apart to attempt to find a flaw. Since that is what attorneys will try to do, you have all of the defense attorneys with their hands on that company's intellectual property (which is the basis for their entire business). Since attorneys generally know nothing about computers, they have to hire programmers to pick apart the source code. That means even more hands (ones with the knowledge to misappropriate that code) are on that intellectual property.

    This is why it is best to leave this decision to federal judges that understand intellectual property law rather than state court judges. State court judges get federal bankruptcy questions wrong all the time. I have seen it in action. I have no doubt that they would get it just as wrong with intellectual property issues.
     

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