How Systemic Racism and Implicit Bias Affects African Americans

FYI since folks are confused about redlining, here's how the Wards of Houston came into being:

Wards as political divisions
First four wards
Main articles: First Ward, Houston; Second Ward, Houston; Third Ward, Houston; and Fourth Ward, Houston
In 1840, the Republic of Texas altered the city charter for Houston, dividing it into four wards. Historically the wards reflected geographic boundaries, without consideration of the population density within the wards.

Houston's municipal charter of 1840 recognized a square area of 9 square miles, which was divided into four wards. Though the surveyors chose the Harris County Courthouse as the geographical center of Houston, the ward boundaries were formed by two axes converging at the corner of Main and Congress Streets. These resulted in four pie-shaped wards, almost identical in size, numbering clockwise from the northwest quadrant. Voters from each ward elected two alderman, who served the public without pay. Candidates for alderman were limited to white, male, Texas-citizens, and furthermore, were subject to requirements to have nominal tenure of residency and real estate holdings in the city.

After slavery ended in Texas in June 1865, ex-slaves were forced to live in separate enclaves within each of Houston's wards. The voting population of the wards was lower than the population, since women and African-Americans had been forbidden from voting. Instead, wards followed boundaries of features such as the Buffalo Bayou, Congress Street, and Main Street. Each ward elected two aldermen to the Houston City Council. The election of the Mayor of Houston was citywide. Betty Chapman, a historian, said "They really were mixed societies in the early days. Where you worked dictated where you lived, not who you wanted to live around."

The ward boundaries touched each other at the intersection of Congress Street and Main Street. The first ward was northwest of that intersection. The ward housed the city's market house and produce industry facilities. The second ward was located to the northeast. The courthouse and the heavy warehouses were located there. Therefore, many lawyers and merchants resided there. The third was situated to the southeast. Businesspeople, craftsmen, and professionals lived there. The Third Ward had fancier houses than other wards. The fourth ward was southwest of the intersection. That ward included what was then the central portion of the city. Freed slaves developed Freedmen's Town in a 5 square miles (13 km2) area in the Fourth Ward.

What was once Produce Row, a group of produce businesses on Commerce Street in the urbanized section of First Ward, is now in Downtown Houston. What was then rural First Ward had many farms, so the process of food production occurred in the First Ward. In 2018 the street artist Dual made a mural representing Produce Row on the Main & Co. Building in Downtown.

The ward boundaries touched each other at the intersection of Congress Street and Main Street. The first ward was northwest of that intersection. The ward housed the city's market house and produce industry facilities. The second ward was located to the northeast. The courthouse and the heavy warehouses were located there. Therefore, many lawyers and merchants resided there. The third was situated to the southeast. Businesspeople, craftsmen, and professionals lived there. The Third Ward had fancier houses than other wards. The fourth ward was southwest of the intersection. That ward included what was then the central portion of the city. Freed slaves developed Freedmen's Town in a 5 square miles (13 km2) area in the Fourth Ward.

What was once Produce Row, a group of produce businesses on Commerce Street in the urbanized section of First Ward, is now in Downtown Houston. What was then rural First Ward had many farms, so the process of food production occurred in the First Ward. In 2018 the street artist Dual made a mural representing Produce Row on the Main & Co. Building in Downtown.

Fifth Ward
Main article: Fifth Ward, Houston
By December 1866, the Fifth Ward had been created, with two aldermen elected from that area during that month. The Fifth Ward was added in 1866 to accommodate the city's growth. Buffalo Bayou served as the ward's southern border, while the White Oak Bayou served as the ward's western border. The idea was not to have an equal number of residents in each but rather to draw lines along natural boundaries: Buffalo Bayou, Main Street, and Congress Street. In 1876 the city created the Sixth ward. It was bounded by the First Ward's southwest boundary and the Buffalo Bayou.

Sixth Ward
Main article: Sixth Ward, Houston
In 1876, Houston carved out part of the Fourth Ward to create the Sixth Ward. The new political division was bounded by Buffalo Bayou to the south, Washington Avenue to the north, and Glenwood Cemetery from the west to the city limits.

 

@jiggyfly

https://bbs.clutchfans.net/threads/the-reason-i-listen-to-new-hip-hop.311487/

 

Location location location

Like I wrote[/QUOTE]

Wow!

I guess you think people can't read what said about finances and mortgages.

 

Rap music made me who I am today
But the rap music was really good like Nas and Ice Cube, tribe called quest, outkast

 

What does that have to do with anything.

You have railed against rap music in many other of your tangents.

 

Another claim you won't back upand disappear like a b****

I back up everything b****.

 

My first job was for Western Electric. I had dropped out of college because my Grandmother (who raised me) had become ill with kidney disease and the family needed help paying her medical bills. The white guys in my crew were card-carrying members of the KKK and referred to black people as n****rs and coons. Their names for Hispanics were "wetbacks" and "pepper bellies". They'd be considered Republicans these days. And since I grew up in segregated Houston (Acres Homes actually), went to segregated schools (Houston had 9) and stayed out of predominately white areas (especially after dark) which was everywhere except 3th Ward, 4th Ward, 5th Ward, Studewood Heights (the black part of the Heights) and Sunnyside, I do believe that I know what systematic racism is all about. After all, I've lived with it all of my life.

 

I have never worked with it that in my face but I have heard stuff second hand when they thought they were in safe company.

The scary black guy stuff was said in a unemployment hearing to get benefits.

 

Wow!

I guess you think people can't read what said about finances and mortgages.[/QUOTE]

Denied mortgages in certain locations. wow you're a teacher?

 

Wow!

I guess you think people can't read what said about finances and mortgages.[/QUOTE]

Okay I did miss read what red lining was.

Edit: I was wrong

 

I was wrong about the definition of red lining. However it's a practice long dead

 

"Time to tone it down"

You might want to take a step back from the D&D if you can't have discussions without calling people b****es and dick riders every time you are challenged.

 

No when false claims about me and don't address it when challenged you are a b****. That's fact

 

Yeah yeah Im sure you have your reason and think it's justified yada yada yada

It's against the forums rules to attack someone with that language, I'd report it but I don't think anybody reads those anymore, so instead I'm just replying and telling you - it ain't cool and it makes the forum trash

 

Would another term be better to avoid this confusion? Calling something racist would seemingly imply that anyone who willfully supports or benefits from that thing is also racist. And no one likes to be made to think that they are responsible for racism.

Why not just call it systemic racial bias, and go from there? Maybe people can then speak to one another more on the substance, rather than have these endless debates on what it means to be racist.

 

@fchowd0311
@HillBoy
@jiggyfly

https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnwa...50-years-after-the-1968-fair-housing-act/amp/

As a real estate numbers geek, I was shocked a couple of years ago when I stumbled upon some U.S. Census data that showed that the percentage of U.S. blacks who own their own homes today is essentially the same as when housing discrimination was outlawed in 1968. The 1970 census found 42% of black households owned their own homes. In 2017, the number was 41%.

I was even more shocked when I saw that from 1950 to 1970 — despite housing discrimination in the U.S. being legal for most of that time — American blacks were able to increase their homeownership rate from 35% in 1950 to 42% in 1970. That 1970 number is 20% higher than that 1950 number.


Black people actually made most gains in home ownership before red lining was outlawed thus proving my point that blacks are stalled out. We made gains post WWII like everyone else

Why are we stalled out? I suggest you look at decline in family stability since 1970

 

Go ahead and report and don't bother me about it again. TIA

 

@ThatBoyNick

I call people dick riders when they come to insult my posts. If you want to challenge that search when I use the term and we have this discussion.

I don't come info threads to insult people. I have been respectful to jiggy and he continues to make fale claims about things I have written

 

A person's efforts have failed when they have to explain why they call posters 'dick riders'.