How can China, India, Russia and the US reduce CO2 emissions?

Germany is a highly developed social market economy. It has the largest national economy in Europe, the fourth-largest by nominalGDP in the world, and fifth by GDP

 

Not efficiently. Power is lost in transmission.

Solar and Wind do not provide enough energy. So the alternative is nuclear.

 

Not fossil fuels, but do retail energy - no generation, we do trading and solutions. I do think shifting from coal to gas will curb emissions, but do see renewables plus batteries (looming pollution problem coming with battery manufacture though) as the ultimate destination. I'm not a fan of nuclear. One, still no solution in US for nuclear waste. Two, doesn't fit well in a distributed gen infrastructure. The latter also applies to biofuels. As for China, don't know, but they are going in big on solar capabilities and I think they plan to transition out of their reliance of fossil fuels over time.

 

Not really. Coal has resumed significant growth over the last two years.

https://chinaenergyportal.org/en/category/stats/




They've also capped utility solar additions for the year, because subsidies for solar electricity has gotten too expensive.

https://www.greentechmedia.com/arti...-solar-policy-could-cut-capacity-20-gigawatts

It's possible that China follows Western Europe on solar, boom then bust.

 

They're both true, really, in my view. They have significant need for immediate increases in electricity production to keep up with their economic expansion, so sure you're going to see growth there (especially when you show supply instead of capacity because coal is baseload and renewables have much lower capacity factors). It ain't some kind of environmentalist's paradise where they're only going to build the next-gen solar-based energy infrastructure. But they have been nurturing and subsidizing the solar PV industry so they can have the dominant global position. I expect them to keep adding each year to use that capability, and they may later start backing off of coal when their need for capacity feels less urgent. Changing the industry will be a generational thing in China or here in the US.

 

China has to move away from coal long term since it’s so polluting. I’m sure coal will drop and rise in the near term but long term.... the world will move away.

 

This. China is looking at this short term and long term. They are investing renewables because it’s the future and taking advantage of cheap coal in the short term.