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[Unsurprising 'News'] When Race Tips the Scales in Plea Bargaining

Discussion in 'BBS Hangout: Debate & Discussion' started by Rocket River, Oct 24, 2017.

  1. Rocket River

    Rocket River Member

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    Unsurprising . . . aka . . . water is wet

    3 Strikes
    Mandatory minimums

    It does not matter what 'laws' you put into place
    People will find a way around them to enforce their biases and prejudices.

    Make a Mandatory minimum . . .. just allow some folx to plead to lesser charges and not others

    The most major issue is America is the Selective Enforcement of Rules, Laws, and mores
    It creates seperate systems of expectations and punishments etc. . .

    Rocket River

    http://www.slate.com/articles/news_..._give_white_defendants_better_deals_than.html

    When Race Tips the Scales in Plea Bargaining

    New research finds that prosecutors give white defendants better deals than black defendants.

    Two officers escorted a young black man into the courtroom, bringing him in handcuffs from a holding cell in the back called “the pen.” They placed him beside his public defender and stepped away. So far, things were routine.

    The prosecutor had offered the man a plea deal of probation, and he indicated that he would accept. In a scene that plays out dozens of times a day in the Bronx Criminal Court, the judge ran through a constitutionally required script.

    She explained what it means to accept a prosecutor’s plea offer: that he was giving up his right to a trial; he was admitting guilt; he could not change his mind. The judge asked, as she must: “Is anyone forcing you to accept this plea today?” At this point, most people quietly say "no." But the man responded “yes,” he was being forced to accept the plea.

    Refusing to accept meant facing the strong arm of prosecution and potentially going to prison for years. He protested that he had no real choice. Three court officers surrounded him. The judge repeated the question: “Is anyone forcing you to accept this plea today?”

    This time, flanked by officers, he said no. A few minutes later, he walked out a free man, but he now had a criminal conviction and the oversight and constraints that come with probation.

    Countless people like this young man face tremendous pressure to accept a prosecutor’s plea offer. And most criminal punishment results—not from a trial by a jury of your peers—but in convictions imposed through plea deals. Against this backdrop, a new study showing racial bias in the plea bargaining process demands attention and action.

    A new study from Carlos Berdejó of Loyola Law School demonstrates for the first time that there are significant racial disparities in the plea deals white and black people receive on misdemeanor charges—with black people facing more severe punishments.

    Berdejó analyzed 30,807 misdemeanor cases in Wisconsin over a seven-year period and found that white people facing misdemeanor charges were more than 74 percent more likely than black people to have all charges carrying potential prison time dropped, dismissed, or reduced. And white people with no criminal history were substantially more likely to have charges reduced than black people who had no criminal history.

    This suggests, as Berdejó concludes in his report, that prosecutors use race to judge whether a person is likely to recidivate when deciding what plea to offer.

    Countless people like this young man face tremendous pressure to accept a prosecutor’s plea offer.

    Prior studies have found racial disparities in the plea bargaining process. The Berdejó study differs, however, in that it analyzes a detailed statewide data set of the entire life of criminal cases, from charging to sentencing, making it more reliable and expansive.

    The majority of arrests nationally are for misdemeanor charges. At The Bronx Defenders, where we provide public defense services to low-income people in the Bronx, New York, we had more than 18,000 new misdemeanor cases in 2016 alone. That was more than three-quarters of our cases, and about half of all cases that we closed last year resulted in plea deals.

    If there are racial disparities in pleas in misdemeanor cases that lead to worse punishment of black people, it means a significant proportion of our criminal justice system is meting out punishment in a racially biased manner.

    Prosecutors wield enormous power and total discretion in deciding whether and how to charge people, whether to request pre-trial detention or money bail, and what plea to offer. One factor guiding this decision is whether the attorney believes the person will be held on bail. Frequently, people charged with misdemeanors accept pleas just to go home.

    A young black man from the South Bronx, one of the poorest congressional districts in the country, may have almost no chance of paying bail, so the only option is a criminal record and probation. Contrast that to a wealthier white man who knows that if the judge sets bail he can pay his way out. This man has no pressure to accept a plea, and his lawyer can investigate his case and negotiate a better plea.

    Immediate interventions could stem racial disparities in pleas. New York must eliminate money bail for misdemeanors to end the threat of pretrial incarceration that disparately extracts guilty pleas. Prosecutors should state the reasons for plea offers on the record to create transparency and be required to collect and share data about their offers to expose any disparities. It is only through established facts and data that we can educate prosecutors and judges, as well as work to combat implicit and overt bias.
    Prosecutors have virtually unchecked power in the plea bargain process. It’s the power to take away freedom, destroy livelihoods, and tear families apart. Ultimately, it’s the power to devastate low-income communities already suffering from aggressive and discriminatory law enforcement tactics. In a place like the Bronx, unfair police and prosecutor practices combine to create a situation in which nearly all of the people facing criminal charges are black or brown men, even though one-third of the population is white.

    This power must be grounded in fundamental principles of fairness rather than the drive to rack up convictions. Otherwise, the criminal justice system simply administers punishment, rather than justice, and in the process continues to destroy communities of color and further erode its own legitimacy.

     
  2. JuanValdez

    JuanValdez Contributing Member

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    Like you say, unsurprising, so I don't know what there is to say about it. Unless someone would oblige us by saying the study is bs and that there is no systemic racism in our judicial process. In that case, I'd predict 10 pages of fruitless bickering, at least!
     
  3. FranchiseBlade

    FranchiseBlade Contributing Member
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    More sad evidence which I fear will be ignored by the people that most need to pay attention to this. This lack of equality in our justice system is bad for the whole United States.
     
  4. fchowd0311

    fchowd0311 Contributing Member

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    Bobby enters the match.
     
  5. Astrodome

    Astrodome Member
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    Having money definitely gives you a better chance of a hiring a decent lawyer and striking a better deal. I hope they are able to fix this but it will be very challenging.
     
  6. GladiatoRowdy

    GladiatoRowdy Contributing Member

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    If bobby actually shows up and tries to say that the study doesn't take into account background, previous criminal record, or other factors, here is the study itself. If you're bobby and you're reading this, understand the study before trying those tired attempts at argument...

    https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3036726
     
  7. FranchiseBlade

    FranchiseBlade Contributing Member
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    I hope they can fix that too, as well as the racial inequality in the justice system.
     
  8. Bobbythegreat

    Bobbythegreat Member
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    It doesn't take into account differences related to representation and I'd argue that is the major difference between the groups. Like the study says, the differences are most noticeable with minor offenses among those with no criminal record.....the exact area where a good lawyer will get vastly different outcomes than either no lawyer or a bad lawyer. The study suggests that the disparity disappears when it comes to major offenses or instances involving those with significant priors....situations where even good lawyers would struggle to get a very good plea bargain on average.

    This study suggests that race is the primary cause of the different outcomes despite the fact that there is a much more logical cause....which is pretty much par for the course with these kinds of studies. They are done in an effort to "prove" a pre-conceived notion and the results are tainted by that cognitive bias. Confirmation bias can be a b****.
     
  9. Bobbythegreat

    Bobbythegreat Member
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    To show a real life example of this, about 15 years ago I got arrested for suspicion of DUI and about a year later I had a friend who was also arrested for the same thing.

    I went out and hired Gary Trichter's firm to represent me despite that being pretty damn expensive because I couldn't afford to have a DUI on my record.....and sure enough, they beat the case and I don't have that DUI on my record.

    My friend got a much less expensive lawyer to represent him and he ended up with a breathalyzer on his car, had to pay fines, lost his license for a bit, and had to go through probation for a few years as part of the conviction.....despite the state having a weaker case against him than they had against me.

    Spending the money and hiring good lawyers to defend you makes all the difference in the world.

    When group A has significantly more access to wealth than group B, you'll see differences in representation and as a result, differences in outcomes.
     
  10. GladiatoRowdy

    GladiatoRowdy Contributing Member

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    Well, other than the fact that the study explicitly controls for the exact issue you mention.

    Absolutely, but first and minor offenses are where racial disparities are the biggest problem. These are the types of offenses which set the baseline that affects how harshly that person will be treated in the future. The massive racial disparities highlighted by this study (after controlling for socioeconomic status, private versus public defenders, and other relevant factors) affect people long after the first offense is a faint memory and cascade into even bigger racial disparities throughout the criminal justice system.

    Yes, as you have clearly proven. The "much more logical cause" that you assume is controlled for in the study. You have a pre-conceived notion (race isn't as big a factor in criminal justice racial disparities as other factors) and even when evidence like this study is presented, evidence that clearly controls for and discusses the fact that your pre-conceived notion is bullshit, you will ignore the evidence in favor of just believing the bullshit you've already decided to believe.

    Like I said above, endeavor to understand the evidence (consider actually reading the study so that you can understand how it controls for the factors you assume are more influential) before commenting further.
     
  11. GladiatoRowdy

    GladiatoRowdy Contributing Member

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    Factors that were explicitly controlled for in the study.
     
  12. Daedalus

    Daedalus Member

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    Mandatory minimums rob judiciary discretion. Though judges are flawed humans, i'd rather put sentences up to them than an auto go-straight-to-jail card regardless of if it was a violent offense or other extenuating facts/circumstances.

    & yes, better lawyers lead to better results, still doesn't excuse the harshness and simplistic nature of mandatory minimums.
     
  13. Bobbythegreat

    Bobbythegreat Member
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    No, they really weren't, but don't let that stop you. They tried to address it as best they could, knowing they couldn't fully account for it because there isn't a complete and accurate ranking of all attorneys that would be involved and exactly , but even the small bit they did altered the results significantly just as I would expect them to. If they were better able to account for quality of representation along with the numerous other variables at play then most of the disparity should vanish.

    Anyway, I know it's no good to reason with people like you, but hopefully others will wise up to this kind of BS and realize that "the man" isn't holding anyone down. Possibly too much to expect, but I'm feeling optimistic.
     
  14. LosPollosHermanos

    LosPollosHermanos Houston only fan
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    God ****ing dammit another thread ruined by this *******. Doesn't even discuss anything, just mouth diarrhea.
     
  15. CometsWin

    CometsWin Breaker Breaker One Nine

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    Being an irrational, ignorant contrarian is his life's mission. Along with telling you who deserves to die today of course.
     
  16. FranchiseBlade

    FranchiseBlade Contributing Member
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    I'm not sure why people are surprised with Bobby's assertions. He's already claimed that other research and studies on race matters that have been examined and data-driven aren't accepted by him, basically because he thinks he knows better. If someone refuses to accept valid evidence, then there is nothing more that you can do for that person. They need to learn more on their own.
     
  17. DonnyMost

    DonnyMost be kind. be brave.
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    The leniency of sentences and plea offers are always predicated on a ton of factors surrounding the case and the defendant's background/history.

    The question this all begs is...

    Are black defendants being punished more harshly because of the color of their skin, or are they punished more harshly because the aggregate background/history of these defendants is worse than that of their non-black counterparts?

    If it's the former -- we should be able to prove this quite easily and throw these judges out on their asses.
     
  18. Space Ghost

    Space Ghost Contributing Member

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    Didnt we just have a thread on this topic last week? And probably the week before?
     
  19. FranchiseBlade

    FranchiseBlade Contributing Member
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    A different aspect of our justice system that is also biased against a particular race.

    It's amazing how much evidence exists that point to racial bias within the system and some people are still angry that those suffering from that racial bias get upset when they voice their displeasure.
     
  20. Ottomaton

    Ottomaton Contributing Member
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    For a country that uses "freedom" as a rallying cry, we sure have a whole lot of money and beurocracy dedicated to making and keeping people un-free.
     
    Rocket River likes this.

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