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The Weaponization of National Belonging

Discussion in 'BBS Hangout: Debate & Discussion' started by Amiga, Jul 22, 2019.

  1. Amiga

    Amiga I get vaunted sacred revelations from social media
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    Excellent essay.

    https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-...national-belonging-from-nazi-germany-to-trump


    This past week I found myself in Stuttgart, an industrial city in southwest Germany. As I usually do in a European city I haven’t visited before, I went to the local history museum to see how the story of the Second World War is presented. Stuttgart’s museum opened just last year, and its handling of the Nazi era is more circumspect than that of older German memorials. The period from 1933 to 1945 comprises a small set of displays, perhaps ten per cent of the entire exhibition. The tone is neutral.

    “After 1933, National Socialism pursued Hitler’s anti-Semitic, racist, and imperialistic ends in Shtuttgart, too,” a caption explains in English. “Despite their Social Democratic past, many citizens endorsed and profited from the new policies.” Only a third of Stuttgart’s residents voted for the Nationalist Socialists, but this was enough to make the party dominant in the city. “In 1933 began the marginalization, persecution, and murder of Jews, political opponents (social democrats and communists), and other groups,” another caption states, using an impersonal construction that makes marginalization, persecution, and murder sound like forces of nature rather than acts of man. Members of Hitler’s party defaced the entrances to Jewish shops and then rallied in the town square.

    Other captions rehearse a familiar chronology, but I found myself noticing things I hadn’t paid attention to before. The Nuremberg Laws, passed in the name of “protecting German blood and honor,” prohibited sexual relations and marriage between Jews and Aryans and stripped Jews of an array of rights, including the right of Jewish women under the age of forty-five to be employed in a German home. The “marginalization, persecution, and murders” began in 1933, but the laws were passed two years later—by this time, many Germans had been convinced that they were necessary. But what jumped out at me was the age clause in the ban on Jewish domestic workers. It’s the kind of bureaucratic phrase that lends legitimacy to something abhorrent. After all, Jewish women past reproductive age were still allowed to be employed in German homes. In the same way, Russian authorities are forever pointing out that Russian law bans not all “homosexual propaganda” but only “homosexual propaganda to minors.” The Trump Administration presents its war on immigrants as a war on certain groups of immigrants only—only the asylum seekers who cross between points of entry, for example, or those who lied on their citizenship application. It’s the legalistic veneer of fascism.

    There was a small display with three cut-crystal goblets. “Pogrom of November 9, 1938,” the caption said, using the Russian word in place of the more familiar Kristallnacht. “Victor Rosenfeld (1884-1966) was in Dachau after the pogrom but released a month later. In 1939, he emigrated. He gave his glassware to a neighbor.” This is the kind of story we never think about. Why was Rosenfeld released after a month in Dachau? How was he able to emigrate at that late date? How many people looked at him after his release and breathed a sigh of relief: Perhaps things weren’t so bad?

    Another display informed me that the Second World War began in 1939 and that “Stuttgart underwent 52 air raids. About 4,600 residents lost their lives; 14,000 soldiers from Stuttgart died in the field.” I assume that neither figure includes Stuttgart Jews, who, according to one museum display, numbered forty-six hundred in 1933. I know from other sources that, while some of them managed to emigrate, a majority died at the hands of the Nazis. But they didn’t die here: they were transported to the ghetto and then the killing field in Riga or to concentration and then death camps elsewhere. By the time the war began, they had already been either physically removed or legally defined out of the city—so that, eighty years later, in de-Nazified Germany, Jews are not included in the death tally of the city where they lived. Once an absence has been created, a record is almost impossible to forge.

    Like anyone who grew up as an outsider—in my case, a Jew in the Soviet Union—I have always been aware of the shifting definitions of belonging. In the nineteen-nineties, when I returned to live in Russia after ten years in exile, the country had liberalized laws on documents, granting citizens the right to define their own ethnicity. When I applied for my new internal passport (the Soviet Union had stripped my family of citizenship in 1981 and restored it in 1992), I decided to test that rule. The internal passport still contained “ethnicity” as one of the essential characteristics, along with name, surname, date and place of birth, and gender. I asked that my ethnicity be indicated as “citizen of Russia.” I still remember the heavy middle-aged woman bureaucrat who looked at my documents, back at me, and back at my documents in confusion, and finally said, “But it says here that your father is Jewish and your mother was Jewish—what kind of citizen of Russia are you?”

    I have often told this anecdote, because it’s a perfect—and amusing—illustration of a disconnect between abstract definitions and visceral understanding. To the bureaucrat, the operative word in the phrase “Russian citizen” was “Russian,” and that, to her, referred exclusively to ethnic Russians. She was a kindly woman and she was even aware of the new law allowing people to self-define, but she couldn’t conceive of any definition of me that did not conform to her understanding of how ethnicity and belonging work.

    The Russian bureaucrat’s barely articulated understanding is not that different from the understanding Donald Trump has been expressing with his tweets, his statements at the White House, and the rally chant he incited about Representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ayanna Pressley, Rashida Tlaib, and especially Ilhan Omar. He tweeted that the congresswomen should “go back” to “the places from which they came,” and his crowd chanted, of Omar, “Send her back,” because it is inconceivable to them that women of color, Muslim women, and especially a Muslim woman born outside this country could be citizens, and elected officials, of the United States.

    This understanding is shared by Trump’s adviser Kellyanne Conway, who asked a reporter, “What’s your ethnicity?” A lot of things happened then. Conway identified herself as ethnically Italian and Irish. Media reports identified the reporter, Andrew Feinberg of Breakfast Media, as Jewish. Feinberg himself wrote an op-ed in which he identified his family as coming from a “mix of Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish and Russian stock.” I am pretty sure none of those countries would claim Feinberg’s relatives, who, to them, were Jews and therefore outsiders—like I was to that bureaucrat. On another level, Feinberg was trying to defend his right to be viewed as an American irrespective of his ethnic background (and in part because he is a journalist) while Conway was positioning herself as an American because of her background—because Italian and Irish are, at present, white-American categories (while journalists are the enemies of the people and Jews are, well, always suspect).

    The categories of citizenship, ethnicity, and belonging are always in flux, hazy around the edges. If we have to have them at all—and I wish we didn’t, or at least consciously wanted to rid ourselves of them—then they should indeed be in flux. But this means that whoever screams the loudest can force and direct a drastic renegotiation.

    Bizarrely, the Trump Administration is forcing a renegotiation of who is Jewish. In a recent piece, the Times columnist Michelle Goldberg documents a pattern of non-Jews accusing Jews of anti-Semitism for, basically, failing to support Trump. The logic is perfectly circular: Trump and congressional Republicans are using the smear of anti-Semitism to attack Omar and Tlaib, which makes Trump’s opponents the enemies of the enemies of anti-Semitism, which makes them anti-Semites. (I know how this one goes. As a secular Jew and opponent of the Israeli policies in Palestine, I have been accused of anti-Semitism. I also regularly get messages telling me to go back to Russia—a country I had to leave in part because, like many other opponents of Vladimir Putin, I was accused of being unpatriotic and “Russophobic.”)

    By turning unspoken assumptions into hateful rally chants, Trump is not merely destroying the norms of political speech but weaponizing them. He is cashing in on the easy trick of saying out loud what others barely dare to think. But his supporters are also enforcing the prohibition on his opponents’ taking part in the conversation—as when House Speaker Nancy Pelosi was reprimanded for calling Trump’s speech “racist” on the House floor. Trump has initiated a radical renegotiation of belonging in this country and then monopolized it. This is what happens first: a political force seizes the power to define themselves as insiders and certain others as intruders. This is done in the name of protection of the motherland, which the newly marginalized are said to hate. Everything else follows.
     
  2. dachuda86

    dachuda86 Member

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    So you're saying Trump is Hitler.
     
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  3. Sweet Lou 4 2

    Sweet Lou 4 2 Contributing Member
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    He is saying that Trump's policies are walking the path of fascism.
     
  4. dachuda86

    dachuda86 Member

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    I disagree. You know my position on this already is that the far left are the ones using violence to silence people in a country the values free speech. That's fascist right there.

    I don't think Trump is advocating fascism actually. It's the left trying to bring various identity groups together for strength to impose their socialist cause. A key component of fascism actually. That and political intimidation and violence. The far left are modern brown shirts.

    Trump's rhetoric is being blown waaaay out of proportion. His fans chanting isn't anything new either. The left is losing its voice because it's all sounding like the same complaint and yes maybe the left buys it, but no one else is biting and it's just white noise. If the left wants to beat Trump they'll have to do it by making policies that the American people want. Not by making your central platform... "I'm not Trump" or "Free stuff for non Americans"
     
  5. Amiga

    Amiga I get vaunted sacred revelations from social media
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    The essay shows the path trump is taking was also taken in the past elsewhere including nazi Germany.

    I’m into words origin and justcurious.
    What does your alias, dachuda, stands for?
     
  6. dachuda86

    dachuda86 Member

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    I PM'ed you about the name

    As for Trump's path, I dunno. I really don't think it's a strong enough link. A few similarities and you can compare every modern politician to Hitler.
     
  7. adoo

    adoo Member

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    as if Trump doesn't play identity politics.

    here are just some eg of Trump playing ID politics
    • used birtherism lies to de-legitimize the first non-white POTUS
    • declared that Mexicans are rapist, drug traffics
      • a Mexican American judge can't be impartial
    • issued a unconstitutional EO to ban Muslims
    • declared that there are good Neo Nazis
    • attack the squad of new minority lawmakers,
      • and not Bernie nor Warren, both of whom white and
        • have been critical of Trump a lot longer
     
  8. DonnyMost

    DonnyMost not wrong
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    Hitler actually accomplished things.

    Trump is Mussolini.
     
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  9. dachuda86

    dachuda86 Member

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    Bunch of smears and exaggerations. You should just avoid the news if you're this susceptible to propaganda.
     
  10. DonnyMost

    DonnyMost not wrong
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    There's zero doubt in my mind that the rise of nationalism is tied directly to our economic stratification. People without the necessary resources to live (or even just climb the social ladder) turn to three things: crime, drugs, and identity. There's a reason you never see a dentist or engineer white nationalist.
     
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  11. JuanValdez

    JuanValdez Contributing Member

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    Actually, groups coming together in a common cause sounds like democracy to me.

    I don't know. Could Trump make the trains run on time?

    I like your theory. But you do get white nationalist professionals. We had a white nationalist poster here (@Dei, who got booted) who was a chemical engineer or something like that.
     
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  12. DonnyMost

    DonnyMost not wrong
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    He can barely wipe his own ass, so I doubt it.

    Yes, but they are outnumbered 100:1 by the basement dwellers and otherwise minimum wage lackeys.

    I was wondering where that guy went. He was a real nut job.
     
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  13. Sweet Lou 4 2

    Sweet Lou 4 2 Contributing Member
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    Well the far right is the side that engages in far more violent acts than the left. And I would remind you that antifa is not a representation of the left and nor does it constitute many acts of violences. White nationalists are a far large group of Republican voters and the level of violence has escalated dramatically under Trump.

    Your claim that the left is using violence to impose their socialist cause is unsubstantiated. Also, socialism is the opposite of fascism - which is not about imposing a socialist cause (which is based on the idea of making all equal) but rather uplifting one group over another (white nationalism).

    You have in fact repeated a common trope of white nationalism - that fascism is really socialism. It is not.

    The rest of your post is just a strawman.
     
  14. FranchiseBlade

    FranchiseBlade Contributing Member
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    So you are playing the ostrich role. Those things are on record. They are facts. What is telling is that you refuse to acknowledge established facts that are on record and video. That's amazing.
     
  15. WNBA

    WNBA Member

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    Trump is definitely on track of being Hitler. very close now.
     
  16. Invisible Fan

    Invisible Fan Contributing Member

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    The prob here is the next prez. I'm not even sure the next Fascist president has a definite party.

    ofc, I'm just a frog in a boiling hot pot like the rest of the sheeeeeeple.
     
  17. dachuda86

    dachuda86 Member

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    It must be so scary for you...
     
  18. dachuda86

    dachuda86 Member

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    I don't have to say anything else to someone as close minded as you. You are either willfully lie or you have let dnc lies rot your brain.
     
    #18 dachuda86, Jul 23, 2019
    Last edited: Jul 23, 2019
  19. Buck Turgidson

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    You are amazingly open-minded.

    "Classical Liberal" indeed.
     
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  20. FranchiseBlade

    FranchiseBlade Contributing Member
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    No, you don't have to say anything to me. I think you've said enough.
     

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